Jet Fuel (Aviation)

Brent crude is the leading global price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Extracted from the North Sea, it serves as the reference price for approximately two-thirds of the world's internationally traded crude oil supplies. Brent is a light, sweet crude prized for its relatively low sulfur content and ease of refining.

West Texas Intermediate is the primary benchmark for North American crude oil pricing. WTI is a light sweet crude with an API gravity of around 39.6 and sulfur content below 0.24%, making it ideal for gasoline refining. It is delivered and priced at Cushing, Oklahoma.

Diesel and gasoil are middle-distillate refined products used extensively in transportation, heating, and industrial power generation. European gasoil (EN 590) is a key benchmark traded on ICE, while ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) dominates markets with strict emissions regulations.

Fuel oil is a heavy residual product of crude oil refining, used primarily in marine bunkering, power generation, and industrial heating. The IMO 2020 regulation shifted demand toward very-low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO), while high-sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) remains traded for scrubber-equipped vessels.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a versatile hydrocarbon fuel comprising propane and butane, used in residential cooking, heating, petrochemical feedstock, and automotive fuel. LPG is transported in pressurized vessels and traded on both spot and term-contract bases from major Middle Eastern and US producers.

Liquefied Natural Gas is natural gas cooled to -162 degrees Celsius for efficient long-distance transport by specialized tankers. Global LNG trade has surged as nations diversify energy supplies. Major pricing hubs include the JKM (Japan-Korea Marker) and Henry Hub-linked contracts.