Ammonia (Anhydrous)

Granular urea is the world's most widely used nitrogen fertilizer, containing 46% nitrogen. The granular form (2-4mm particles) is preferred for bulk blending and direct application due to superior handling and reduced caking. Middle Eastern and North African producers benefit from low-cost natural gas feedstock.

Prilled urea consists of small, spherical particles (1-2mm) formed by spraying molten urea into a prilling tower. While less popular than granular in blending operations, prilled urea is preferred for certain industrial applications including resin production and diesel exhaust fluid (DEF/AdBlue).

Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is the world's most widely used phosphate fertilizer, providing both nitrogen (18%) and phosphorus (46% P2O5). It is water-soluble and suitable for a wide range of soils and crops. China, Saudi Arabia (Ma'aden), and Morocco (OCP) are the major producers.

Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) is a phosphate fertilizer with a higher phosphorus-to-nitrogen ratio (11-52-0) than DAP, making it preferred for alkaline soils and crops with lower nitrogen requirements. It is also a key ingredient in compound NPK fertilizer production.

Muriate of Potash (MOP, potassium chloride) is the dominant potassium fertilizer, containing 60-62% K2O. It is essential for crop health, water regulation, and disease resistance. Canada (Saskatchewan), Russia, and Belarus hold the vast majority of global reserves. Canpotex and BPC are the key export cartels.

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is the world's most produced industrial chemical, essential for phosphate fertilizer manufacturing, metal processing, petroleum refining, and wastewater treatment. Smelter acid (a byproduct of copper and zinc smelting) competes with virgin acid produced from elemental sulfur.