DAP

Granular urea is the world's most widely used nitrogen fertilizer, containing 46% nitrogen. The granular form (2-4mm particles) is preferred for bulk blending and direct application due to superior handling and reduced caking. Middle Eastern and North African producers benefit from low-cost natural gas feedstock.

Prilled urea consists of small, spherical particles (1-2mm) formed by spraying molten urea into a prilling tower. While less popular than granular in blending operations, prilled urea is preferred for certain industrial applications including resin production and diesel exhaust fluid (DEF/AdBlue).

Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) is a phosphate fertilizer with a higher phosphorus-to-nitrogen ratio (11-52-0) than DAP, making it preferred for alkaline soils and crops with lower nitrogen requirements. It is also a key ingredient in compound NPK fertilizer production.

Muriate of Potash (MOP, potassium chloride) is the dominant potassium fertilizer, containing 60-62% K2O. It is essential for crop health, water regulation, and disease resistance. Canada (Saskatchewan), Russia, and Belarus hold the vast majority of global reserves. Canpotex and BPC are the key export cartels.

Anhydrous ammonia is a pungent, corrosive gas (NH3) that is the fundamental building block of nitrogen-based fertilizers and a key industrial chemical. It is shipped as a pressurized liquid in specialized tankers. Trinidad, Saudi Arabia, and Russia are major exporters to consuming markets.

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is the world's most produced industrial chemical, essential for phosphate fertilizer manufacturing, metal processing, petroleum refining, and wastewater treatment. Smelter acid (a byproduct of copper and zinc smelting) competes with virgin acid produced from elemental sulfur.